1. Instruction
1. Read the text quickly and sign the difficult words
2. Make a list of new vocabulary with their meaning
3. Reread the text and answer the questions given
4. Translate the passage into Indonesian language
5. Read the text again and write the ideas of each paragraph
6. Make a summary of the passage
Put your answer in an answer field in a form of SKUP in BL101C iMe class and submit it in a form of a link in BL101C iDu class.
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2. Status: Finish 100%
3. Statement: I have completed the instructions above
4. Evidence:
1. Read the text quickly and sign the difficult words
Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really much more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of points of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more stored in our minds than has been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brains electrically, he could elicit the total recall of complex events in his subjects’ lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten for many years suddenly emerged in detail.
The memory trace is the term for whatever forms the internal representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to have been made by structural changes in the brain, the memory trace is not subject to direct observation but is rather a theoretical construct that is used to speculate about how information presented at a particular time can cause performance at a later time. Most theories include the strength of the memory trace as a variable in the degree of learning, retention, and retrieval possible for a memory. One theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the result of an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells, stimulated by patterns of activity. Repeated references to the same information support recall. Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bonds in the memory.
Psychologists generally divide memory into at least two types, short-term and long-term memory, which combine to form working memory. Short-term memory contains what we are actively focusing on at any particular time, but items are not retained longer than twenty or thirty seconds without verbal rehearsal. We use short-term memory when we look up a telephone number and repeat it to ourselves until we can place the call. On the other hand, long-term memory can store facts, concepts, and experiences after we stop thinking about them. All conscious processing of information, as in problem solving for example, involves both short-term and long-term memory. As we repeat, rehearse, and recycle information, the memory trace is strengthened, allowing that information to move from short-term memory to long-term memory.
2. Make a list of new vocabulary with their meaning
- neurosurgeon: a doctor who performs operations involving the brain or nerves; ahli bedah saraf
- Elicit : to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction ; memperoleh
- trace : to discover the causes or origins of something by examining ; jejak
- Assumed : adopted in order to deceive; fictitious; pretended; feigned: an assumed name; anassumed air of humility ; Diasumsikan
- retention : The condition of retaining (keeping) something ; Ingatan
- retrieval : the process of getting something back from somewhere, the action of obtaining or consulting material stored in a computer system : Pemulihan
- rehearsal : a practice, especially for a performance of some kind : latihan
- conscious : to notice that a particular thing or person exists or is present
3. Reread the text and answer the questions given
1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. Wilder Penfield
B. Neurosurgery
C. Human memory
D. Chemical reactions
2. The word formerly in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by?
A. in the past
B. from time to time
C. in general
D. by chance
3. Compared with a computer, human memory is?
A. more complex
B. more limited
C. less dependable
D. less durable
4. How did Penfield stimulate dreams and other minor events from the past?
A. By surgery
B. By electrical stimulation
C. By repetition
D. By chemical stimulation
5. According to passage, the capacity for storage in the brain?
A. can be understood by examining the psychology of the brain
B. is stimulated by patterns of activity
C. has a limited combination of relationships
D. is not influenced by repetition
6. The word bonds in paragraph 2 means?
A. promises
B. agreements
C. connections
D. responsibilities
7. Why does the author mention looking up a telephone number?
A. It is an example of short-term memory
B. It is an example of a weak memory trace
C. It is an example of an experiment
D. It is an example of how we move short-term memory to long-term memory
8. All of the following are true of a memory trace EXCEPT that?
A. is probably made by structural changes in the brain
B. it is able to be observed directly by investigators
C. it is a theoretical construct that we use to form hypotheses
D. it is related to the degree of recall supported by repetition
9. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
A. The mind has a much greater capacity for memory than that was previously believed
B. The physical basis for memory is clear
C. Different points of view are valuable
D. Human memory is inefficient
4. Translate the passage into Indonesian language
Ingatan manusia, Dulu dipercaya kurang efisien, benar-benar jauh lebih canggih daripada komputer. Peneliti yang meneliti ini dari berbagai sudut pandang telah menyimpulkan bahwa ada banyak hal yang tersimpan dalam pikiran kita dari yang umum nya disimpulkan oleh . Dr. Wilder Penfield, seorang ahli bedah saraf Kanada, membuktikan bahwa dengan menstimulasi otak secara elektrik, ia dapat memperoleh total penarikan kembali peristiwa-peristiwa kompleks dalam kehidupan. Bahkan mimpi dan kejadian sederhana lainnya yang seharusnya terlupakan selama bertahun-tahun tiba-tiba muncul secara mendetail.
Rekam Jejak memori adalah istilah untuk apa pun yang membentuk representasi internal dari informasi spesifik tentang peristiwa yang disimpan dalam memori. Diasumsikan telah dibuat oleh perubahan struktural di otak, jejak memori tidak tunduk pada pengamatan langsung tetapi lebih merupakan konstruk teoritis yang digunakan untuk berspekulasi tentang bagaimana informasi yang disajikan pada waktu tertentu dapat menyebabkan kinerja di lain waktu. Sebagian besar teori mencakup kekuatan jejak memori sebagai variabel dalam tingkat pembelajaran, retensi, dan pengambilan yang mungkin untuk memori. Salah satu teori adalah bahwa kapasitas yang luar biasa untuk penyimpanan di otak adalah hasil dari kombinasi interkoneksi yang tidak terbatas antara sel-sel otak, dirangsang oleh pola aktivitas. Referensi berulang untuk penarikan informasi dukungan yang sama. Atau, untuk mengatakan bahwa dengan cara lain, peningkatan kinerja adalah hasil dari penguatan ikatan kimia dalam memori.
Psikolog pada umumnya membagi memori menjadi paling tidak dua jenis, memori jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, yang bergabung untuk membentuk memori kerja. Memori jangka pendek berisi apa yang secara aktif di fokuskan pada waktu tertentu, tetapi tidak disimpan lebih dari dua puluh atau tiga puluh detik tanpa latihan verbal. Kami menggunakan memori jangka pendek ketika kami mencari nomor telepon dan mengulangnya sendiri hingga kami dapat melakukan panggilan. Di sisi lain, memori jangka panjang dapat menyimpan fakta, konsep, dan pengalaman setelah kita berhenti memikirkannya. Semua proses informasi yang sadar, seperti dalam pemecahan masalah misalnya, melibatkan memori jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Saat kami mengulangi, melatih, dan mendaur ulang informasi, jejak memori diperkuat, memungkinkan informasi itu berpindah dari memori jangka pendek ke memori jangka panjang.
5. Read the text again and write the ideas of each paragraph
1st Paragraph
Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really much more sophisticated than that of a computer.
2nd Paragraph
The memory trace is the term for whatever forms the internal representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory.
3rd Paragraph
Psychologistsgenerally divide memory into at least two types, short-term and long-term memory, which combine to form working memory.
6. Make a summary of the passage
Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really much more sophisticated than that of a computer. The memory trace is the term for whatever forms the internal representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory. Psychologists generally divide memory into at least two types, short-term and long-term memory, which combine to form working memory. Short-term memory contains what we are actively focusing on at any particular time, but items are not retained longer than twenty or thirty seconds. On the other hand, long-term memory can store facts, concepts, and experiences after we stop thinking about them.
